What is carcinoma?

What is carcinoma?

Carcinoma is cancer or malignancy that begins in the skin cells, the cells that make up the skin, and the tissues that line various organs and skin structures. Although not life-threatening, the name of this disease develops quickly in the skin and will cause replication of other diseases in the body.

This disease can appear on skin areas that are often exposed to direct sunlight, for example on the scalp, back, ears and hands. Common symptoms are characterized by thickened, reddened, and difficulty in healing the skin.

How do carcinomas develop?

The body is made up of trillions of living cells that grow, serve and die in a way that is tightly regulated by DNA. In fetuses, infants, children, cells praise quickly to support the child, while cells in people will only develop or develop cells that we do, or repair injuries.

Cancer occurs when certain mutations occur in our genes, such as DNA. Genetic mutations can hurt the way cells grow and approach them properly. These mutations can arise due to exposure to a variety of different sources. Some causes of carcinoma include:  

1. Excessive sun exposure
Sunlight has many benefits, but if you don't use sun protection, it can damage the skin and cause skin disorders.
Sun exposure can cause sunburn and too much exposure to ultraviolet rays. This can increase your risk of developing the disease.
2. History of sunburn
People who have experienced sunburn at a young age or adolescence are at increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma because skin cancer can form from burned tissue.
Of the various types of skin cancer, there are causes of sunburn, including the most common, however, squamous cell carcinoma only occurs a few years later. 
3. Skin damage due to too many UV rays
As already mentioned, the cause of this disease is excessive UV rays. So if you experience skin damage due to UV rays, your risk of developing this disease is higher.
4. Sun Keratosis
Occurs on the skin characterized by thickened, dry, and stiff skin caused by sun exposure. Skin conditions with solar keratosis can turn into squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated.

5. History of skin cancer
If you have had this skin cancer, the chances of it coming back are very possible, because of the former disease 
6. Bright skin
wanting, having whiter and brighter skin is no fun. The reason is, people with fair skin, bright eye color, or have blonde and red hair are at higher risk of developing one of these types of skin cancer.
Why is that? The reason is, people who have one of the conditions mentioned above have skin that is more easily damaged by sun exposure.
Even so, that does not mean people with darker skin color can not experience this condition.

Types of carcinomas

Cancers are classified according to their origin in the body. Common carcinomas are:

• Basal cell skin cancer
As the most common type of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma develops from the lowest layer of skin, the so-called stratum basal. This type of cancer usually grows slowly, limiting its ability to spread to other parts of the body. Some typical skin symptoms associated with basal cell carcinoma are: 

1. Open wound
2. Red stain
3. Pink growth
4. Glossy bumps or scars

• Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma, the second most common type of skin cancer, is slow-growing cancer that does not typically spread to other parts of the body. The areas of the body most commonly affected by squamous cell carcinoma are the skin, digestive tract, and respiratory tract.

• Kidney cancer
As the most common form of kidney cancer, renal cell carcinoma begins in the renal tubules. These cancer cells can continue to grow, leading to their ability to interfere with normal kidney function.

• Invasive ductal carcinoma
Cells that grow and remain in the lining of the milk ducts are impacted by invasive ductal carcinoma. As this cancer continues to grow, these cancer cells can penetrate the walls of the milk ducts and invade other parts of the body.

Carcinomas are usually classified according to the specific organ affected. Some examples of this category of carcinoma are:

ü  Adrenocortical carcinoma, affecting the adrenal glands

ü  Thyroid cancer, which affects the thyroid

ü  Cancer of the nose and throat

ü  in situ carcinoma

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a term used to describe cancerous cells that have not spread beyond their original location. The term "on-site" is translated as "at the point of origin". Some of the most common carcinomas in situ are:

1. Ductal carcinoma in situ
Ductal carcinoma in situ is the most common type of breast cancer. Although this may be true, these cancer cells remain in the lining of the milk ducts in the breast, preventing cancer from spreading from the wall of the milk ducts to the surrounding breast tissue. Therefore, patients with ductal carcinoma in situ usually have a good prognosis at the time of diagnosis.
2. Bladder cancer in situ 
Carcinoma in situ of the bladder typically occurs in male smokers aged 60-70 years. The recurrence rate for this type of cancer is 90%.
3. Bowen's disease
Bowen's disease, also known as squamous cell carcinoma in situ, typically results from exposure to sunlight. Therefore, the face, ears, and neck are the skin areas most commonly affected by Bowen's disease.

Conclusion cancer

Do you know better the meaning of cancer? Cancer is the name of a group of diseases that arise from cells that grow and divide uncontrollably. This disease does not appear immediately, there are stages that it goes through, eventually turning into cancer.

Abnormal cells do not become cancerous immediately. These cells can go through a series of changes before they become fully cancerous. These changes are called "hyperplasia" and "dysplasia".

If these changes are recognized and treated, the conditions of hyperplasia and dysplasia are unlikely to progress to cancer. That is why it is important to have regular cancer screening. The goal is to detect abnormal changes that can occur in the body's cells, even when there are no obvious symptoms.

Therefore, this article addresses the understanding of cancer and the pathophysiology of cancer. We hope that this information will not only increase your knowledge but also better prepare you for this dangerous disease.