Infectious diseases
Infectious diseases
Infectious diseases are a large group of diseases caused by the effects of various pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic biological agents (bacteria, fungi, viruses, prions, protozoa) on the human body.
Infectious diseases and infectious diseases are practically the same, only the term infectious diseases are used in a general context, and infectious diseases in a more specific context - tonsillitis, diphtheria, etc.
Classification of infectious diseases
Infectious diseases are classified according to the etiology (type of causative agent), the clinical course of the disease, the localization of the process, and the source of infection.
Depending on the type of pathogen, infectious diseases are divided into the following main groups:
- Viral infections (flu, viral hepatitis, HIV AIDS, infectious mononucleosis, herpes, chickenpox, measles);
- bacterial infections (dysentery, salmonellosis, tuberculosis, cholera, plague);
- fungal infections (candidiasis, lichen);
- infections caused by protozoa (amebiasis, giardiasis);
- prion infections (the causative agent are specific protein molecules - prions, the least studied industry today);
- Infections by parasites (infestation) are singled out in a separate area, parasitology. The most important parasites in humans are worms (helminthiases) and ectoparasites (lice, mites).
Depending on the source and place of accumulation (reservoir) of the pathogen, all infectious diseases are usually classified as follows
- anthroponoses - the source of infection is only one person
(HIV AIDS, viral hepatitis, dysentery);
- Zoonoses - in this case, animals (tularemia, plague,
brucellosis) serve as a source and natural reservoir of infection;
- Sapronoses - pathogens can be found in other environmental objects such as water, soil, air (legionellosis, gas gangrene);
Clinical classification implies the course of infectious diseases and is divided into:
- by type (typical or atypical, uncharacteristic of this
course of infection);
- by severity (light, medium, and heavy);
- by the duration of the process (acute, subacute, and chronic infectious diseases).
Depending on the main localization and entrance gate (entrance gate - an organ or organ system of the human body through which infection occurs), all infectious diseases are divided into main groups:
- intestinal infections (dysentery, acute intestinal
infections, cholera, salmonellosis);
- respiratory infections (diphtheria, influenza, tonsillitis,
infectious mononucleosis);
- blood infections (malaria, typhoid, relapsing fever,
plague);
- Infections of the outer skin (gonorrhea, syphilis, cytomegalovirus infection, papillomatosis).
3 types of infectious diseases, their causes, and prevention
An infectious disease is a disease that can or can be transmitted from a sick person to a healthy or unexposed person. Transmission of the disease can occur both through intermediaries and directly.
Influenza, better known as influenza, is the most common infectious disease that affects humans. The flu is caused by a virus. The flu virus is a virus that mutates every time, making it difficult for the body's immune system to recognize that single virus. As the body's immune system has a hard time recognizing this flu virus, the body becomes more susceptible to the flu. Even the body can catch the flu several times shortly.
transfer media
Influenza can be transmitted both through the respiratory tract and through saliva. So when we are around people who have the flu, our chances of getting the flu are very high. Airborne transmission of influenza is the fastest.
prevention
Support the immune system so that it is not easily attacked by viruses. For example, eating regularly, getting enough rest, drinking water as needed, exercising, and a healthy lifestyle. In addition, maintaining endurance can also be helped by taking vitamins, especially vitamin C, which is found in fruits and vegetables. available in the stores. Another prevention is the use of masks in public places, especially for people who have the flu.
Tuberculosis is a respiratory infection caused by bacilli. Infecting germs are very strong germs. As a result, it will take a long time to treat this disease. These bacteria are 90% less likely to infect the lungs than other organs in the human body. This disease is usually characterized by a persistent cough.
transmission
Tuberculosis
is a disease that affects the respiratory system. So the transmission is
through the breath. Being close to people with tuberculosis can lead to
infection. Also, if a TB patient coughs, it can be a means of transmitting TB.
In
addition, sharing personal items with people with active TB, such as drinking
glasses and spoons, can act as a bridge to TB transmission.
prevention
Reduction
of boxes with active TB patients. If there is contact, wear a mask to protect
your breath. And avoid using personal items alternating with active TB patients.
BCG
vaccination (given in childhood)
Maintain
a good lifestyle with a nutritious diet and regular exercise.
Vomiting is an inflammatory bowel disease caused by viruses, bacteria, or other parasites such as fungi, protozoa, and helminths. In addition, vomiting can also be caused by food poisoning or drinks that contain bacteria or chemicals. The bacteria that commonly cause vomiting are Escherichia coli bacteria. Environmental conditions, especially unclean water, are one of the main factors in the spread of this disease.
transmission
- Fluids from the mouth (vomiting) that are not passed properly
- Through the remaining dirt that spreads in the water used
- Through the plumbing. Especially when the environmentally friendly water disposal still leaves a lot to be desired.
- The environment is not clean or is in a condition like flooding, making it impossible to get clean water.
- Make sure you eat an appropriate and balanced diet
- Use of clean water for daily activities, especially drinking water
- Wash your hands regularly to prevent bacteria from sticking to your hands. Especially before and after meals
- Keep your house and garden clean
- Dispose of the feces with you and clean it well.
- Wash all food ingredients before you start cooking
- Keep eating and drinking utensils clean
Even though with the advent of antibiotics and active immunization, most infections have been defeated or brought under control, there are still many infectious diseases that cannot be cured (viral hepatitis C, AIDS, prion infections).
8 comments for "Infectious diseases"